Senin, 14 Juni 2010

Caries Dentis

A. DEFINISI
karies adalah suatu penyakit jaringan keras gigi (email, dentin dan sementum) yang bersifat kronik progresif dan disebabkan aktivitas jasad renik dalam karbohidrat yang dapat diragikan. Ditandai dengan demineralisasi jaringan keras dan diikuti kerusakan zat organiknya.
Karies Gigi (Kavitasi) adalah daerah yang membusuk di dalam gigi, yang terjadi akibat suatu proses yang secara bertahap melarutkan email (permukaan gigi sebelah luar yang keras) dan terus berkembang ke bagian dalam gigi.
B. GEJALA DAN TANDA
Tanda-tanda yang didapat pada karies
• Perubahan warna pada gigi (coklat/hitam), terdapat lubang, Nyeri
• Terasa ngilu bila lobang termasuki makanan yang sifatnya manis, terangsang panas atau dingin.
C. PENYEBAB
Ada 4 faktor penting penyebab timbulnya karies
• Plak Gigi
• Karbohidrat
• Permukaan gigi yang rentan
• Waktu: Kemampuan saliva untuk meremineratisasi selama proses karies, menandakan bahwa proses tersebut terdiri atas periode perusakan dan perbaikan yang silih berganti, sehingga bila saliva berada di dalam tingkungan gigi, maka karies tidak akan menghancurkan gigi dalam hitungan hari atau minggu, melainkan dalam bulan atau tahun.
D. TERAPI
1. Penambalan: bertujaun mencegah karies lebih lanjut, Bahan yan g digunakan adalah amalgam, composite resin &glas isomer.penambalan dengan inlay juga dapat dilakukan
2. Perawatan Saluran Akar (PSA): Dilakukan bila sudah terjadi pulpitis (radang pulpa gigi) kemudian dilakukan restorasi yang di sebut ONLAY
3. Ekstraksi Gigi (pencabutan gigi): merupakan langkah terakhir dan dilakukan bila gigi sudah sangat rusak, bila gigi sudah di cabut bias di pasang gigi palsu (denture), implant atau jembatan (brigde)

E. KOMPLIKASI
1. Dental abses (radang gigi)
2. Abses gingival (radang Gusi)
3. Pulpitis kronik (Radang pada Pulpa)

F. PENCEGAHAN

1. Menjaga kesehatan gigi dan mulut ( oral hygiene) dengan baik
• Sikat gigi yang benar dan teratur
• Flosing (membersihkan plak dengan benang gigi )
• Mouth wash (cuci mulut)
• Dental cek up ( 1 thn 2X)
2. Diet rendah karbohidrat
3. Fluorid
Melalului pasta gigi, mautwash, Suplement, air minum.


G. SUMBER REFERENSI
1. Lehner T. Immunologi of Dental Caries in: T. Immunologi of Oral Disease. 3th ed London: Blackwell Scientific Publocation, 1993;68-97
2. http://medicastore.com/penyakit/140/Karies_Gigi_Kavitasi.html

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